1914: The ship Karluk is crushed in the Arctic ice on 11 January and sinks off the coast of Siberia, and 25 people climb down onto the floe with whatever they can carry.
Most of them are scientists and sailors. Four of them are a family.
Kuraluk is an Iñupiaq hunter from Alaska. His wife Kiruk sews. Their two daughters, Helen and Mugpi, are eight and three. They have signed on to hunt and make clothes for an expedition that was supposed to be mapping the Canadian Arctic, and have instead been carried across the top of the world by drifting ice.
The castaways walk for weeks to Wrangel Island. Four men who split off on their own vanish on the ice.
Then the captain, Robert Bartlett, walks back out, with one young Iñupiaq hunter named Kataktovik, and heads for Siberia to get help. They cover about 700 miles on foot over sea ice and frozen coast in the dead of winter.
Behind them, on the island, the food is pemmican.
It is supposed to be meat and fat, the explorers' fuel. This batch is made wrong. Too lean, all protein and not enough fat, and it does to the men what lean pemmican always does.
They swell. Their legs balloon. Their kidneys start to fail. Two of them, the geologist George Malloch and his young assistant Bjarne Mamen, die of nephritis in their tent, bloated and starving on a full stomach.
Kuraluk does not eat much pemmican.
He hunts. Seals, whenever the ice opens. Seabirds and their eggs in the spring. Kiruk turns every skin into boots and clothing and keeps the girls dressed for Arctic winter out of what her husband brings back.
The camp that eats what Kuraluk kills is the camp that lives.
There are fights over food and tobacco and ammunition. One man dies of a gunshot, and nobody ever settles whether he did it himself.
On 7 September a small American schooner, the King and Winge, fights through the ice to Wrangel Island. Bartlett had made it. He had got to Siberia, got to Alaska, and sent them a ship.
Eleven of the 25 who left the Karluk are dead.
Kuraluk, Kiruk, Helen and Mugpi walk aboard alive. All four. The three-year-old included.
The men with university degrees died of lean meat. The family with a harpoon lived on fat.
And the lesson came home and was ignored, because a hundred years later the supermarket still sells the lean at the top of the price list and the fat at the bottom.
Mike