Bat Coronavirus’s were custom designed to infect human beings. Most of the research was done by Dr. Ralph Baric and funded by the US government.
1998
Virus-receptor interactions and interspecies transfer of a mouse hepatitis virus - PubMed
Molecular mechanisms regulating virus xenotropism and cross-species transmission are poorly understood. Host range mutants (MHV-H2) of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strains were isolated from mixed cultures containing progressively increasing concentrations of nonpermissive Syrian baby hamster...pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1998
Human biliary glycoproteins function as receptors for interspecies transfer of mouse hepatitis virus - PubMed
A variant Mouse Hepatitis virus (MHV), designated MHV-H2, was isolated by serial passage in mixed cultures of permissive DBT cells and nonpermissive Syrian Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells. MHV-H2 replicated efficiently in hamster, mouse, primate kidney (Vero, Cos 1, Cos 7), and human adenocarcinoma...
1999
Persistent infection promotes cross-species transmissibility of mouse hepatitis virus - PubMed
Persistent infection with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain A59 in murine DBT (delayed brain tumor) cells resulted in the emergence of host range variants, designated V51A and V51B, at 210 days postinfection. These host range mutants replicated efficiently in normally nonpermissive Chinese...
2008
Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice - PubMed
Defining prospective pathways by which zoonoses evolve and emerge as human pathogens is critical for anticipating and controlling both natural and deliberate pandemics. However, predicting tenable pathways of animal-to-human movement has been hindered by challenges in identifying reservoir...
2010
Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission - PubMed
Over the past 30 years, several cross-species transmission events, as well as changes in virus tropism, have mediated significant animal and human diseases. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a lower respiratory tract disease of humans that was first reported in late 2002...
2014
A mouse model for Betacoronavirus subgroup 2c using a bat coronavirus strain HKU5 variant - PubMed
Cross-species transmission of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) can result in pandemic disease outbreaks. Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), identified in 2012, has caused 182 cases to date, with ~43% mortality, and no small animal model has been reported. MERS-CoV and Pipistrellus bat...
2014
Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus - PubMed
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) currently spreads in humans and causes ∼ 36% fatality in infected patients. Believed to have originated from bats, MERS-CoV is genetically related to bat coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5. To understand how bat coronaviruses transmit to humans...
2015
Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - PubMed
To understand how Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmitted from bats to humans, we compared the virus surface spikes of MERS-CoV and a related bat coronavirus, HKU4. Although HKU4 spike cannot mediate viral entry into human cells, two mutations enabled it to do so by...
2015
A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence - PubMed
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. Here we examine the disease potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is...
Vladimir Zev Zelenko MD
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Dr. Baric uses luciferase enzyme, which fluoresceses under black light, as a method to confirm that mRNA is being produced. In other words, this technology can be used to ascertain if someone is vaccinated.
Renilla luciferase as a reporter to assess SARS-CoV mRNA transcription regulation and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV agents - PubMed
Renilla luciferase as a reporter to assess SARS-CoV mRNA transcription regulation and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV agents
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hoger op het dak, het stikt ervan
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